Torsional Vibration Dampers: Principle, Types, and ...

Introduction

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Torsional vibration damper is a device used to dampen the vibrational energy in rotational systems. It is a combination of a spring and a damping element that is used to reduce the torsional vibrations in an engine, transmission, or other rotating component. It is also known as a torsional vibration absorber or torsional vibration attenuator. The torsional vibration damper works by reducing the amplitude of the torsional vibrations by absorbing and dissipating the energy. It is used to reduce the noise and harshness of the engine.

The torsional vibration damper is an important component of any rotating system, as it helps to reduce the vibrations caused by the engine and transmission, which can lead to premature wear and tear and even failure of the component if left unchecked. Torsional vibration dampers can be used in a variety of applications, including automotive, industrial, and marine applications.

Torsional vibration dampers work by absorbing and dissipating torsional vibrations through the use of a spring and a damping element. The spring provides a restoring force that helps to counteract the vibrations and the damping element absorbs the energy and dissipates it as heat. The torsional vibration damper is typically mounted between two rotating components, such as the engine and transmission, and is connected to both components by a flexible coupling.

Types

There are several types of torsional vibration dampers, including:

Spring-Mass-Damper:

This type of torsional vibration damper uses a combination of a spring and a damping element to reduce the amplitude of the torsional vibrations. The spring provides a restoring force that helps to counteract the vibrational energy, and the damping element absorbs and dissipates the energy as heat.

Fluid-Filled Vibration Damper:

This type of damper uses a combination of a flexible membrane and a damping fluid to reduce torsional vibrations. The flexible membrane helps to absorb the vibrational energy, while the damping fluid helps to dissipate the energy as heat.

Hydrodynamic Vibration Damper:

This type of damper uses a combination of a cylinder, a piston, and a damping fluid to reduce torsional vibrations. The cylinder and piston are filled with a damping fluid, which helps to absorb and dissipate the vibrational energy as heat.

Applications

Torsional vibration dampers are used in a variety of applications, including automotive, industrial, and marine applications. In automotive applications, torsional vibration dampers are used to reduce the noise and harshness of the engine and transmission. They are also used to reduce the wear and tear on the engine and transmission components, as well as to improve fuel efficiency.

In industrial applications, torsional vibration dampers are used to reduce the vibration and noise in machinery and equipment. They are also used to reduce the wear and tear on the components, as well as to improve the efficiency of the machinery and equipment. In marine applications, torsional vibration dampers are used to reduce the vibration and noise in marine engines and transmissions. They are also used to reduce the wear and tear on the components, as well as to improve the efficiency of the marine engines and transmissions.

Conclusion

The torsional vibration damper is an important component of any rotating system, as it helps to reduce the vibrations caused by the engine and transmission. It is a combination of a spring and a damping element that is used to reduce the amplitude of the torsional vibrations by absorbing and dissipating the energy. There are several types of torsional vibration dampers, including spring-mass-damper, fluid-filled vibration damper, and hydrodynamic vibration damper. These dampers are used in a variety of applications, including automotive, industrial, and marine applications.

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Vibration is the periodic back and forth motion of the particles of an elastic body or medium. It usually arises when a physical system is displaced from its equilibrium condition and allowed to respond to the forces that tend to restore equilibrium.

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The motion may be periodic, as in the motion of a struck pendulum. Or the motion can be completely random, such as the movement of a tire rolling along a rough road.

As defined in physics, vibration is the oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium forced from a position or state of equilibrium.

In some cases, vibrations can be advantageous&#;as with the reed in a woodwind musical instrument or in a vibratory parts hopper that dispenses discrete items from a funneled drum. But in many cases vibration is destructive. It can waste energy and create imbalances, friction, and failure in mechanical devices.

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Vibration and sound studies are closely associated. Sound waves are generated by vibrating structures. These pressure waves also induce the vibration of structures or systems. Attempts to reduce unwanted noise are generally related to issues of vibration.

Types of Vibration

Free Vibrations

Free vibrations occur when a system is momentarily disturbed and free to move without restraint.

Consider a classic example such as when a weight is suspended from a spring. In equilibrium, the system has minimum energy and the weight is at rest. In contrast, if an external force pulls the weight down and releases it, the system will respond by vibrating vertically.

Consider another example of a child pulling back on a swing and letting go. The mechanical system vibrates at one or more of its natural frequencies and eventually damps down to motionlessness.

Forced Vibration 

Forced vibration is when energy is added to a mechanical system&#;as in a system that is continuously driven by an external agency.

The periodic input can be a harmonic or a non-harmonic disturbance. A simple example is a child&#;s swing that is pushed on each downswing. Of special interest are systems undergoing simple harmonic motion and driven by sinusoidal forcing.

This causes the phenomenon of resonance. Resonance occurs when the driving frequency approaches the natural frequency of free vibrations. The result is a rapid take-up of energy by the vibrating system, with an attendant growth of the vibration amplitude.

Damped V

ibration

Damped vibration is the depletion of energy. When a vibrating system is damped there is energy loss.

Depending on the motion inputs and the application&#;s modes of vibration, damping can be through dry-friction interfaces, mechanical devices, and arrangements that use viscous damping, and the integration of elastomeric engineered materials.

Viscoelastic materials damp vibration through a mechanism known as hysteretic damping. As these materials are distorted, internal friction causes energy loss.

Damping vibrations help manufacturers minimize equipment downtime and boost system efficiencies.

Vibration Damping for Machinery

Vibration damping can happen through proper implementation of viscoelastic components. When vibrations are damped, they are removed from the system in a couple of ways. They can be absorbed into materials that release vibration energy as small amounts of heat energy, or they can be changed to different frequencies that don&#;t resonate with the parts of the machine.

Viscoelastic materials are often used for vibration damping. Here are a few of the most common uses.

Unconstrained Damping

A pad of viscoelastic material is created for moving parts of the machine. The pad sits between the parts that are causing excess vibrations.

As the parts move, it conforms to the movement to absorb some of the vibration energy. It then stores that energy and releases it as heat energy. This removes vibration from the system and keeps the machine from breaking down or making too much noise. Unconstrained damping is by far the simplest way to address vibration in machinery.

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Constrained Damping

In this type of vibration damping, the viscoelastic damping material is lined with a thin piece of flexible metal. It works similarly to unconstrained damping, but it can be more efficient.

Constrained damping in this may be used for machines that need close control of vibrations.

Tuned Viscoelastic Damping

Directed damping, designed to keep specific wavelengths of vibrations out of a system. This is often because of the need to keep resonant frequencies from causing serious damage to machinery or motors.

The Difference Between a Vibration Isolator and a Vibration Damper

Damping vibration is the dissipation of energy. Isolating vibration is the prevention of vibration transmission.

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