Role of the Blowout Preventer (BOP)

Accumulator

The main control unit is called an accumulator. It controls all systems that interconnect to prevent emergency situations. The system activates based on hydraulic pressure, and the typical accumulator houses pumps, a hydraulic reservoir, a control manifold, control valves, compressed gas bottles, and several other facets.

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Often, an accumulator holds enough power to allow for BOP units and their backup functions to run when other systems fail, so it is mounted on top of the BOP stack itself.

Annular and RAM

An annular BOP is what closes the space around the diameter of the drill pipe, but since the actual system cannot be closed with a value due to the drill string, this controls the air flow for the mud without cutting off any other systematic elements.

The annular BOP sits at the top of the BOP stack, to provide the most efficient airtight option. A RAM BOP also works to prevent any unwanted materials from exploding in the system, but several are needed in the BOP stack to ensure optimum safety.

RAM Valves and the BOP Stack

All the parts of a RAM BOP (and sometimes an annular BOP component) make up a BOP stack. Types can include:

• Blind RAMs, which close over any portion that lacks a drillstring
• Choke manifolds, a system of adjustable variables and pressure sensors that allow for the control of various fluids in different directions.
• The choke line valve assists in directing mud to the choke manifold when a kick occurs.
• A kill line valve, which acts as a backup to the standard drillpipe
• A casing RAM that can adjust to close around different piping sizes in the event of a kick

RAM valves can be stacked a number of different ways, for multiple types of efficiencies. Some BOP systems can reach massive heights, especially in deep-water drilling where a BOP system has a completely different purpose for successful extraction.

Industry Specification Requirements

BOPs and pressure control equipment are typically checked to verify meeting OEM and API specifications, including specification 16A for drill-through equipment.

Many preventers are also certified under DNV, ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), and Lloyd’s of London.

A blowout preventer is a large, specially designed valve that is mounted on top of the well during the drilling and completion stages of operation. The operator can close this valve to stop the flow of oil or gas in case of emergency. The above video details what is a blowout preventer, the blowout preventer components, and its operation.

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BOP – Video Transcript

The blowout preventer, or BOP, is safety equipment designed to prevent uncontrolled flow of formation fluids during drilling and completion operations. During drilling, mud is pumped down the drill string to lubricate and cool the bit, and provide equalizing pressure in the well. If the well’s hydro-static pressure falls below the formation’s pressure, a kick can occur, allowing gas, oil, and saltwater fluids to enter the well bore.

During a kick, these pressurized, combustible, hydrocarbons can be pushed up the well bore to the surface, where they may potentially blow out the well and ignite. The BOP has the capability to control this flow by sealing off the well bore in several ways.

Blowout Preventer Definition

A blowout preventer (BOP) is a specially designed valve used to monitor, control, and if necessary, seal a well to prevent blowouts of crude oil and natural gas wells.

Blowout Preventer Components

The blowout preventer is comprised of four main components, stacked one upon another. They are the annular preventer, blind ram, blind shear ram, and the pipe ram. There can be many different configurations, sizes, and pressure ratings, dependent on well design, formation pressures, and areas of use. The BOP is attached to the steel casing that is cemented around the well bore. The drill string is suspended through the center of the well bore. This is the rotating pipe to which the drill bit is attached.

How Does a Blowout Preventer Work?

The first BOP component is the pipe ram. During a kick, this ram is activated and creates a seal between the well bore and the outside of the drill string. The next component is the blind shear ram. If a kick occurs, it may become necessary to sacrifice the drill string to stop the flow of material inside of the well bore. The blind shear ram performs this function by cutting, or shearing the drill string, and sealing the well bore. The blind ram is used to seal the well bore when there is no drill string in the well. The annular preventer is a device that can seal around any object in the well bore, or upon itself. It is designed to create a seal, with or without the drill string present.

These multiple components provide redundancy and are controlled by a device called the accumulator. This unit can be operated remotely, using a panel located on the rig floor, or by personnel on the ground, using duplicate controls on the accumulator itself.

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