Oil Seals (Part 1): The structure, functions, and types of oil seals

Oil seals are widely used as sealing devices for machines.

JTEKT's oil seals are described in our catalog, Oil Seals & O-Rings.
However, the catalog uses a large number of technical terms and is very long, so many people seem to have trouble handling it.

Therefore, this series of columns will summarize the following in order:
• The structure, functions, and types of oil seals
• How to select the right oil seal
• Handling of seals, and causes and countermeasures for oil seal failure

The company is the world’s best agricultural machinery and equipment oil seals supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.

 

1. What are oil seals?

A wide range of sealing devices are used in various machines.
Sealing devices serve the following functions:

Prevent leakage of sealed lubricant from inside

Prevent entry of dust and foreign matter (dirt, water, metal powder, etc.) from outside

As shown in Figure 1, sealing devices come in two types: contact and non-contact.
Oil seals are among the major contact type sealing devices.
 

 

Figure 1: Types of sealing devices

Please see the following for the types of sealing devices for bearings.
How to Select the Right Bearing (Part 7): Components surrounding the bearing

 

2. Oil seal structure and functions

Oil seals come in various shapes to fit the machines and substances to be sealed.
Figure 2 shows the structure and the names of the various components of the most typical oil seal.
The functions of the various components are also indicated in Table 1.

 

Figure 2: Typically shaped oil seal and component nomenclature

* "KOYO" is a registered trademark of JTEKT.

Table 1: The functions of the various components

 

No.

 

 

Name

 

 

Functions

 

①

Main lip The main lip is the most critical component of the seal.

Its sealing edge comes in full contact with the shaft surface in order to provide excellent sealing performance.
(See Figure 3.)

②

Minor lip The minor lip prevents the entry of dust and contaminants from outside.
Lubricant can be retained in the space between the main lip and the minor lip.

③

Sealing edge This refers to the component of the oil seal that makes contact with the shaft.
It is wedge-shaped to be pressed against the shaft surface and makes contact with the shaft to ensure sufficient sealing performance and suitability for operation at high peripheral speed.

④

Spring The spring supplements the tightening force (i.e., the lip radial load) to ensure enhanced sealing performance and tight contact between the shaft and the sealing edge.The spring also prevents the deterioration of main lip sealing performance caused by high heat or other such factors.

⑤

Metal case The metal case provides rigidity to the seal, helping it settle on the housing securely. It also ensures easy seal handling and mounting.

⑥

O.D. (outside diameter) surface The O.D. surface affixes the oil seal to the housing and prevents leakage , through the fitting area, of substances to be sealed, while excluding contaminants.

⑦

Fluid side face The front-end face of the seal is called the nose. The nose is made of rubber and forms a gasket seal when compressed on the housing shoulder.

⑧

Air side face The oil seal surface vertical to the center line of the shaft on the side that does not come in contact with substances to be sealed is called the back face.

 

 

Figure 3: Sealing function of main lip radial load
* "KOYO" is a registered trademark of JTEKT.

 

Figure 4 shows the features of a JTEKT oil seal.

 

Figure 4: JTEKT oil seal features

For more detailed information, please see the following:

Names and functions of seal components　

 

3. Seal types and numbering system

1) Common seal types and their features

Seals are classified by O.D. wall material, lip type, and whether they have a spring or not.
Major oil seals are specified in ISO 6194-1 and JIS B 2402-1.
Table 2 shows the common types of oil seals, while Table 3 shows the features of each type of oil seal.
Table 4 lists the JTEKT oil seal type codes and corresponding ISO and JIS standards.

Table 2 a): Common types of oil seals (with spring)

With spring Rubber O.D. wall Metal O.D. wall

Metal O.D. wall
(with a reinforcing inner metal case)

Without minor lip


Type code

With minor lip


Type code

Table 2 b): Common types of oil seals (without spring)

Without spring Rubber O.D. wall Metal O.D. wall

Without minor lip

 

Type code

With minor lip


Type code

Table 3: Features of each seal type

 

No.

 

 

Type

 

 

Features

 

1

With spring type Secures stable sealing performance.

2

Rubber O.D. wall type Provides stable sealing performance around the seal O.D. surface.

3

Metal O.D. wall type Ensures improved fitting retention between the seal O.D. and the housing bore.

4

Metal O.D. wall type (with a reinforcing inner metal case) Protects the main lip.

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5

With minor lip type Used for applications where there are contaminants, such as dust and foreign matter, on the air side face of the oil seal.

Table 4: JTEKT oil seal type codes and corresponding ISO and JIS standards

JTEKT

ISO 6194-1 1)

JIS B 2402-1 2) MHS Type 1 HMS Type 2 HMSH Type 3 MH － HM － MHSA Type 4 HMSA Type 5 HMSAH Type 6 MHA － HMA －

Notes
1) ISO: International Organization for Standardization
2) 2) JIS: Japanese Industrial Standard

 

2) Special seal types and their features

JTEKT provides special seals for use in a wide variety of machines and applications.
Table 5 lists the major special seals, their shapes, and their features.

Table 5: The major special seals, their shapes, and their features

Name Type
(type code) Shape Features

Helix Seal

The hydrodynamic ribsa) provided in one direction on the air side face of the lip ensure higher sealing performance. Perfect Seal The hydrodynamic ribsa) provided in two directions on the air side face of the lip ensure higher sealing performance (higher sealing performance in both rotational directions of the shaft).

Super Helix Seal

The hydrodynamic ribsa) have a two-stepped rib configuration provided in one direction on the air face of the lip. Even if the first rib is worn out, the second rib comes into contact with the shaft surface, meaning that this type of oil seal ensures higher sealing performance. Seal with Side Lip A large side lip ensures prevention of entry of dust/water.

　　　　　　　　　　　　a)

Function of hydrodynamic ribs

For more detailed information, please see the following:

Special seal types and their features

3) Seal numbering system

Figure 5 explains the JTEKT seal numbering system.
Seal numbers consist of
　(1) the seal type code,
　(2) the spring code,
　(3) the lip type code,
　(4) the dimensional numbers, and
　(5) the special type code,
and Table 6 shows examples of each of these codes/numbers.

 

Figure 5: JTEKT seal numbering system



Table 6: Codes and numbers used in seal numbers

No. Code and number Example ① Seal type code (*)

MH: O.D. wall is a rubber material
HM: O.D. wall is a metal case
MH(S)H: O.D. wall is metal with a reinforced inner metal case

② Spring code

No code: without minor lip

A: with minor lip

③ Lip type code

No code: without minor lip

A: with minor lip

④ Dimensional numbers Shaft number 45: The seal suits the shaft diameter of ϕ45 mm. Housing bore number 70: The seal suits the housing bore diameter of ϕ70 mm. Width number 8: The seal width is 8 mm. ⑤ Special shape code

J: Additional code is added here as an identifier when two or more seals have exactly the same type codes and dimensional numbers.

Note: For seal type codes, see Table 2.

4. Example of the applications of seals

Oil seals are used in a great many machines.

1) Oil seals for cars

Oil seals are used in many areas around the car.
Figure 6 shows the places where each seal type is used.

Figure 6: Oil seals for cars
 

For more detailed information, please see the following:

Oil seals for cars

2) Oil seals for steel production equipment

Oil seals are used in a great many devices for steel production equipment.
Figure 7 shows the places where each seal type is used in a rolling mill.

 

 

Figure 7: Oil seals for steel production equipment (rolling mill)

For more detailed information, please see the following:

Oil seals for steel production equipment

 

5. Conclusion

Oil seals are one of the major contact type sealing devices.
• They prevent leakage of the lubricant or other sealed substance, and
• prevent entry of dust and foreign matter (dirt, water, metal powder, etc.) from outside.

Oil seals come in various shapes to fit the machine or substance for sealing.
For this reason, when designing a machine, it is important to select the oil seal that is right for that machine.
Next time, we will explain the key points to consider when selecting your oil seal.

If you have any technical questions regarding oil seals, or opinions/thoughts on these "Bearing Trivia" pages, please feel free to contact us using the following form:

 

 

 

7 Applications Areas that Use Industrial Seals

7 Applications Areas that Use Industrial Seals

 

Industrial seals

Dec 11, 2017

Several industrial equipment and machinery often consist of parts, whose one component is static and the other one is rotating. In such cases, there is a risk of creation of an opening between these two components, which can hamper the overall performance of the equipment. Industrial seals are mainly used for sealing this opening. This helps save considerably on the energy costs. Different types of high-quality seals are used in a wide range of industries. Thus, seals play a vital role in a number of industrial applications. Would you like to know the applications that use industrial seals? Please read the following post to know what all applications make use of industrial seals and how.

What are the Various Application Areas of Industrial Seals?

Industrial seals have a huge list of benefits, and this makes them ideal for use in a number of industries and applications. The following are some common application areas, which use industrial seals:

 

Textile Manufacturing: Various types of industrial seals are used in textile manufacturing industries. Some most commonly used types include mechanical seals, shaft seals, Teflon seals, and several others. High-performance polymers are used in the construction of these seals, which make them suitable for constant rotation of air rams, and compact spinning.

Die Casters: Die caster is an equipment, which is used for metal casting process. Industrial seals are also used in this application, in order to prevent any leakage, and provide proper sealing to the equipment.

Cheese Manufacturing: Yes, you read that right. Even the cheese manufacturing industry makes use of different types of industrial seals, in order to carry out the processes efficiently. Spring and energized seals, and pneumatic seals are some types of seals that are majorly used in this industry.

Farm & Agricultural Equipment: The farm and agricultural equipment are often exposed to UV rays, and various weather conditions. Thus, they may get contaminated from the surrounding things. The seals are used to protect these equipment from any potential harm. This helps increase their productivity. The single acting hydraulic seals are used in those equipment, which are used for tasks, such as harvesting, threshing, etc.

Printers in Publishing Industry: Several parts of machines used in the publishing industry are made from polyurethanes and rubber materials, which are capable of delivering high performance. The packaging machines and printing presses in the publishing industry use Teflon seals for a better performance.

Concrete Pumping: Specially designed seals are used in the concrete pumping equipment. This helps prevent the formation of dangerous blockages that may occur if the pump is not set properly.

Automobile Industry: Seals are used in vehicles, in order to prevent leakages. Seals made from sound absorbing materials, such as rubber and polyurethane are used in this industry. This helps in achieving compressed air savings.

These are just a few most common application areas of industrial seals. It won’t be wrong in saying that seals are among the most important components used in several applications in different industries. They are extremely crucial products, and thus should always be bought from trusted, experienced, and well-known manufacturers and suppliers. SSP Manufacturing, inc. is one such leading industrial seals manufacturer in the US.

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