Solar panels are only one component of a home&#;s solar power system. Your home solar panels produce direct current (DC) electricity. Everything in and around your home runs on alternating current (AC) electricity. So, for the electricity from your panels to be useful your system needs an inverter. An inverter converts electricity from DC to AC.
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Hybrid inverters do the work of a traditional solar inverter and a separate battery inverter, too. They&#;re a solution for homeowners who want to install a solar power system with a battery storage system either at the time of installation or in the future.
With this guide, you will learn the basics of hybrid solar inverters, how they function, how they compare to other types of inverters, what a hybrid grid-tied inverter does, and the pros and cons of including one in your home solar system.
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What Is a Hybrid Solar Inverter?
A hybrid solar inverter takes the function of two other pieces of equipment &#; the solar inverter and battery inverter &#; and combines them in a single piece of equipment that manages power from your solar panels, solar batteries, and the utility grid with more efficiency at the same time.
A traditional solar grid-tied inverter converts direct current (DC) electricity produced by your panels into the alternating current (AC) electricity that powers your house. This kind of inverter sends excess electricity generation to the utility grid.
A battery inverter converts DC electricity stored in your solar battery storage into AC electricity that can be used by your home.
By combining these functions into a single device, a solar hybrid grid-tied inverter streamlines and improves the operations of a traditional solar inverter. Even better, since the amount of solar power that&#;s available can depend on weather and seasonality, a hybrid inverter can draw power from the electricity grid to charge your battery storage system if needed.
What Are the Functions of a Hybrid Solar Inverter?
The basic purpose of an inverter is the conversion of DC input from your solar panel into AC output your home can use. Hybrid solar inverters take this process to the next level.
DC-to-AC bidirectional power conversion
Normally solar batteries are charged by DC electricity received directly from solar panels (DC coupled), or DC electricity that has been converted from AC electricity by a solar inverter (AC coupled). To release that power, an inverter needs to convert the stored DC electricity back into AC electricity.
With a hybrid inverter and battery, one device can do both roles. The hybrid grid-tied inverter converts DC electricity into AC electricity to power your home, but it can also take AC electricity from the grid and convert it into DC electricity that can be stored in batteries for later use.
Power regulation
Solar power fluctuates as sun levels increase and decrease. A hybrid inverter regulates this power to ensure the whole system operates within the required parameters.
Power monitoring
Solar hybrid grid-tied inverters can be fitted with solar power monitoring software to measure and monitor your system via the display screen or a connected smartphone app to help identify any faults.
Power maximization
Hybrid inverters with maximum power point trackers (MPPT) check your solar power output and correlate it to the battery's voltage. This enables optimum power output and conversion of DC electricity to the best voltage for the battery's maximum charge. MPPT guarantees your solar system works efficiently in every condition, such as varying amounts of sunlight, solar panel temperatures, and electrical loads.
How a Hybrid Inverter Compares to Other Types of Inverters
A grid-tied hybrid inverter allows for a seamless merger between your home&#;s solar power system and the electricity grid. Once your solar array generates enough power for your home, you can use excess electricity to charge your solar battery system and transfer the rest to the grid after your battery storage is fully charged.
What makes the hybrid inverter stand out from other central inverters is its bi-directional power transfer ability. As we discussed earlier, a battery inverter converts between AC and DC power for storage, while a solar grid-tied inverter manages the relationship between the home, the home&#;s solar power system, and the electricity grid. (There are three primary versions of solar inverters: https://palmetto.com/solar/microinverters-vs-string-inverters-pros-and-cons-guide.)
The hybrid inverter does all of this and can also use AC power from the grid to charge your solar battery storage if the energy from your solar panels is inadequate or being used to power your home.
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Pros of a Hybrid Inverter
There are a few key advantages with a hybrid inverter, whether you get a battery now or are considering one down the road.
Power resiliency
Having a solar power system does not always guarantee you will have power during a power outage. If your system uses a traditional solar grid-tied inverter, it will automatically shut off power from your system during a blackout for safety purposes.
A hybrid inverter paired with a solar battery storage system is a great solution for such a scenario. It ensures you have both off-grid and on-grid capabilities, so you always have access to power, even during a blackout.
Easily retrofit battery storage
A full solar power installation can be a significant investment, especially if you add an energy storage system to the other individual components. A hybrid inverter is designed to integrate storage at any time, allowing you to forgo the costs of installing battery storage initially. You can more easily add the battery bank later while still enjoying the full benefits of your solar energy now.
Simplified energy monitoring
A hybrid inverter simplifies energy monitoring because you can check vital data such as performance and energy production via the inverter's panel or through a connected smart device. If your system has two inverters, you have to monitor them separately.
Cons of a Hybrid Inverter
There are a few cases where hybrid inverters may not be the best solution.
Not ideal for upgrading an existing system
If you want to upgrade your existing solar power system to include battery storage, choosing a hybrid inverter could complicate the situation, and a battery inverter might be more cost effective. All you really need is an AC-coupled battery with its own battery inverter to expand your system. Since you already have a grid-tied solar inverter, choosing to install a hybrid inverter requires a complete and costly re-work of your entire solar panel system.
Increased equipment expenses
The initial installation of a hybrid inverter can be more costly than a traditional solar power inverter. If your area experiences frequent power outages and you want the option of adding battery backup in the future, having a hybrid inverter can be worth the higher cost.
However, if your power grid is reliable and you have access to net metering, a regular grid-tied system might be sufficient and would likely be less expensive than a hybrid inverter plus battery storage.
Less future design flexibility
Solar battery design changes with advances in technology, and not all hybrid inverters work with every type of battery. If you install a hybrid inverter now with the idea you might add a solar energy battery later, your future options may be limited by compatibility. For example, some solar panel energy storage systems now come with built-in inverters, eliminating the need for a separate hybrid inverter altogether.
Should You Invest in a Hybrid Solar Inverter?
While a hybrid solar inverter is a larger initial investment, it can be worth the extra cost if you plan to include solar battery storage with your initial solar installation or shortly after.
A hybrid inverter helps manage issues like intermittent sunlight and unreliable utility grids, so it performs exceptionally well compared to other types of solar inverters. Better still, a hybrid inverter helps you to store energy for future consumption more effectively, including backup power to use during emergencies, power outages, or peak utility rate hours.
Hybrid inverters also allow for more efficient power generation and management, especially when it comes to being on the wider electricity grid and plans like net metering and time of use rates. Additionally, ultra-modern tech allows you to conveniently monitor and manage your solar power system from anywhere via connected smartphone apps.
Can a Hybrid Grid-Tied Inverter Help Me Go Off-Grid?
Most home solar panel systems remain tied to the greater electricity grid, meaning they&#;re not truly off-grid. If you want to fully disconnect your home from the power grid, you must install enough battery capacity to power your home for days at a time, when your panels don&#;t generate enough electricity or there&#;s a grid outage. That&#;s often cost prohibitive for many people, though tax credits for batteries can help reduce the cost.
If you want to go off the grid, a hybrid inverter can help, because they are designed to complete multiple tasks as a single device, including solar panel operation, battery storage, and drawing electricity from generators and other sources of power.
Key Takeaways
Even with higher initial costs, a hybrid inverter can pay off in the long run by giving you a solar inverter that maximizes the operations of your solar system. A hybrid inverter can reduce your reliance on the grid, lower your carbon footprint, enjoy advanced monitoring tools, and enhance your power generation.
If you&#;re ready to learn more about inverter technology and the right solar power system for your home, get started today with a free solar savings estimate or connect with a solar expert at Palmetto who can walk you through the options for powering your home.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a hybrid solar inverter?
A hybrid solar inverter changes electricity from alternating current to direct current and back again, an important step in passing electricity between solar panels, backup batteries, your home, and the grid.
Is a hybrid solar inverter better than a conventional inverter?
A hybrid inverter is more flexible than a conventional inverter, but that doesn&#;t mean it&#;s better. If you&#;re planning on keeping your solar panels tied to the grid and don&#;t have plans for adding a battery, a hybrid inverter might not be ideal and would likely cost more.
What is the lifespan of a hybrid inverter?
Inverters typically have a shorter lifespan than solar panels. Most hybrid solar inverters can be expected to last 10-15 years.
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About the Author
Andrew Giermak
Writer and Editor
Andrew joined Palmetto in Charlotte in August . He&#;s been a writer in journalism, then in business, going back to almost the 20th century. He&#;s lived in Indiana, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Virginia again, and now North Carolina for the last 12 years. He likes golf. Is he good at it? Not so much.
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Your home's solar panels generate direct current (DC), while your appliances operate on alternating current (AC). Solar power inverters are essential components that convert the DC power from your solar panels into usable AC power for your home.
A newer option in solar power inverters is the hybrid inverter. Unlike standard solar inverters, hybrid inverters offer the added advantage of sending excess energy back to the grid. While hybrid inverters come with several benefits, they also have some drawbacks.
In this article, we will explore the differences between standard and hybrid solar inverters, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
How Does a Hybrid Solar Inverter Work?
A standard solar power inverter converts the DC power generated by your solar panels into AC power to run your home appliances. But can AC power be drawn from the grid and converted into DC to store in batteries? The answer is yes, with a hybrid solar inverter.
Unlike standard inverters, a hybrid solar inverter can pull excess power from the grid and convert it into DC to store in your solar battery system. This provides extra capacity to rely on during bad weather or power outages.
Another key difference is the hybrid inverter's ability to manage and regulate power throughout the system. It ensures optimal electrical output, allowing your solar setup to function efficiently under any weather conditions.
Hybrid Solar Inverter: Types and Functions
While all hybrid solar inverters operate similarly, there are key differences among them. Here are the three most common types:
1. Inverter/Charger Hybrid Power Inverter
This is the most common type of hybrid solar inverter. It can charge the batteries using power from the grid, and once the battery reaches its charge limit&#;or if the grid power is disrupted&#;the batteries will provide energy. It also switches to AC power in battery mode during peak usage times, ensuring uninterrupted power and improved efficiency. This type is ideal for small spaces, such as:
- RVs
- Trailers
- Boats
- Small offices
2. Integrated Hybrid Power Inverter
Some hybrid inverters use maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) in their design. Though less common, these inverters optimize panel output and battery storage to save space. However, most older models of this type do not connect to the grid, meaning surplus energy cannot be sold back.
3. Grid-tied Hybrid Power Inverter
Unlike regular inverters, grid-tied hybrid inverters connect your home to the power grid, allowing you to sell excess energy back to the grid and reduce your electric bills. In addition, they provide a backup power source during peak loads, at night when your solar panels are inactive, or during poor weather conditions.
How Do Hybrid Inverters Compare to Other Inverters?
When choosing a solar power inverter, it's helpful to compare the different types side by side, as each offers distinct benefits and drawbacks in comparison to hybrid inverters.
Hybrid Inverters vs. String Inverters
Hybrid and string inverters differ in function and flexibility. String inverters are ideal for small, shade-free installations but lose efficiency when a single panel is shaded. They also lack the ability to provide backup power during grid disruptions.
In contrast, hybrid inverters combine solar and battery inverters, providing a complete solution for power generation, storage, and grid interaction. They can manage power flow dynamically and offer "pass-through power," ensuring continuous energy use during grid outages.
Hybrid Inverters vs. Micro Inverters
Hybrid and micro inverters differ mainly in placement and conversion methods. Micro inverters are mounted on each individual panel and convert DC to AC energy at the source, enabling them to track panel performance and assist with maintenance. However, micro inverters require additional components, such as a combiner, to link all panels, and the need for a separate inverter for each panel increases initial system costs.
On the other hand, hybrid inverters are installed centrally and convert energy from all panels collectively, providing a broader view of system performance. Their operational flexibility makes them ideal for businesses and construction projects managing large solar installations.
Hybrid Inverters vs. Off-grid Inverters
Hybrid and off-grid inverters differ primarily in their integration with the grid and energy management. Hybrid inverters can export excess energy to the grid and also provide backup power during blackouts.
Off-grid inverters, however, operate independently by drawing power solely from batteries, converting DC to AC energy, and storing excess power in battery banks. They do not feed energy back into the grid.
Pros and Cons of a Hybrid Inverter
There are advantages and drawbacks to installing a hybrid power inverter on your system. We list them for you here.
Hybrid Inverter Pros
- Off-grid capabilities
- Flexible storage integration
- Minimal maintenance
- Remote monitoring
Hybrid Inverter Cons
- Not for upgrading existing systems
- Higher initial cost
- Future options may be limited
Should You Invest in a Hybrid Solar Inverter?
Investing in a hybrid solar inverter now can save you money in the long run. For instance, if you plan to add battery storage to your system in the future, installing a hybrid inverter upfront will be more cost-effective than retrofitting a new inverter into an existing system later, which can incur additional wiring costs.
Furthermore, by investing in a hybrid inverter now, you'll be able to sell unused energy back to the grid, helping you reduce energy bills and recover the extra cost more quickly.
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