Geocomposite

Materials to improve technical properties of soil or geotechnical structure

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Geocomposites are combinations of two or more geosynthetic materials for civil engineering applications, performing multiple geosynthetic functions. The five basic functions are separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and containment. These composite materials may enhance the technical properties of the soil or the geotechnical structure, while also minimizing application costs.

Geotextile-Geonet Composites

When a geotextile is used on one or both sides of a geonet, the separation and filtration functions are satisfied, and the drainage function is vastly improved compared to using geotextiles by themselves. Such geocomposites are commonly used in intercepting and conveying leachate in landfill liner and cover systems, as well as for conducting vapor or water beneath pond liners. These drainage geocomposites are also effective in intercepting water in capillary zones where frost heave or salt migration is a problem. In all cases, the liquid enters through the geotextile and then travels horizontally within the geonet to a suitable exit.

Multi-Linear Drainage Composites

A manufactured product composed of parallel single drainage conduits, regularly spaced and sandwiched between two or more geosynthetics, usually geotextiles. They are used for liquid drainage or gas collection while providing separation and filtration functions. Such multi-linear drainage composites are not susceptible to creep in compression or geotextile intrusion when confined in the soil, which ensures they maintain their flow capacity over time, even under heavy loads. These drainage geocomposites are regularly used in landfill applications for leachate collection layers and cover systems, and in buildings for sub-slab depressurization systems to collect toxic gases and prevent their migration into the building.

Geotextile-Geomembrane Composites

Geotextiles can be laminated on one or both sides of a geomembrane for various purposes. The geotextiles provide increased resistance to puncture, tear propagation, and friction, as well as tensile strength. In such cases, the geotextile component acts as a drainage medium, conducting water, leachate, or gases away from direct contact with the geomembrane.

Geomembrane-Geogrid Composites

Since some types of geomembranes and geogrids can be made from the same material, they can be bonded together to form an impervious membrane barrier with enhanced strength and friction capabilities.

Geotextile-Geogrid Composites

A needle-punched nonwoven geotextile bonded to a geogrid provides in-plane drainage, while the geogrid provides tensile reinforcement. These composites are used for internal drainage of low-permeability backfill soils for reinforced walls and slopes. The synergistic properties of each component enhance the characteristics of the final product.

Geotextile-Polymer Core Composites

A core in the form of a quasi-rigid plastic sheet can allow large quantities of liquid to flow within its structure, acting as a drainage core. The core must be protected by a geotextile, acting as a filter and separator, on one or both sides.

• The first type is known as wick drains in the U.S. and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in Europe. These polymer cores are often fluted for ease of conducting water, with a geotextile acting as a filter and separator around the core. Wick drains or PVDs have largely replaced traditional sand drains for rapid consolidation of fine-grained saturated cohesive soils.
• The second type takes the form of drainage panels, with a rigid polymer core that can be nubbed, columned, or dimpled. A geotextile on one side makes an effective drain on the backfilled side of retaining walls, basement walls, and plaza decks. The geotextile acts as the filter/separator, and the polymer core acts as the drain. Some systems include a thin geomembrane on the side facing the wall, functioning as a vapor barrier.
• The third type consists of prefabricated edge drains, typically 500 mm high by 20 to 30 mm wide, used adjacent to highways, airfields, or railroads for lateral drainage out of the pavement section. These systems are cost-effective and can be quickly installed.

Geogrid vs. Geotextile: What are the Differences?