Buses & Trucks

In California, vehicles are the leading contributors of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are one of the fastest-growing sources of emissions and energy consumption. In July , the California Sustainable Freight Action Plan was published. Its aim is to improve freight efficiency, transition to zero emission technologies, and increase competitiveness of California&#;s freight system. Although truck manufacturers have been investing in electrification to increase fuel economy, no truck manufacturer has plans to build commercial fuel cell trucks.

The Action Plan makes recommendations for steps that government and industry should take between now and to establish a foundation for fuel cell truck development, and leads to continued market investments. If enacted in a timely fashion, H2FCP expects to see FCETs entering the early commercial market by . By , product planning by truck OEMs and hydrogen infrastructure can be fully commercialized in all truck vocations for which a business case exists.

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This table lists the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) technical targets for fuel cell transit buses.

More information about targets can be found in the Fuel Cells section of the Fuel Cell Technologies Office's Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan.

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Technical Targets: Fuel Cell Transit Buses

CharacteristicUnits Status Targets TargetsBus Lifetimeyears/miles0.25&#;4.9/7,900&#;117,000 a12/500,/500,000Power Plant Lifetime b,chours20,000 a18,,000Bus Availability%40&#;92 aFuel Fills dper day1 a1 (<10 min)1 (<10 min)Bus Cost e$800,000 f1,000,,000Power Plant Cost b,e$60,000&#;120,000 g450,,000Hydrogen Storage Cost$100,000 h75,,000Road Call Frequency (Bus/Fuel Cell System)miles between road calls1,800&#;6,800/9,000&#;104,000 a3,500/15,,000/20,000Operation Timehours per day/days per week7&#;21/5&#;7 a20/720/7Scheduled and Unscheduled Maintenance Cost i$/mile0.54&#;1.33 a0.750.40Rangemiles240&#;340 aFuel Economymiles per gallon diesel equivalent5.6&#;7.7 a88

a L. Eudy et al., "Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status ," Technical Report NREL/TP-&#;, December .
b The power plant is defined as the fuel cell system and the battery system. The fuel cell system includes supporting subsystems such as the air, fuel, coolant, and control subsystems. Power electronics, electric drive, and hydrogen storage tanks are excluded.
c According to an appropriate duty cycle.
d Multiple sequential fuel fills should be possible without increase in fill time.
e Cost projected to a production volume of 400 systems per year. This production volume is assumed for analysis purposes only, and does not represent an anticipated level of sales.
f Paul Jenné, "Fuel Cell Electric Bus Projects - Status and Outlook from an Industry Perspective," Presentation at the International Fuel Cell Bus Workshop.
g $40,000-$100,000, for fuel cell system only, based on Monte Carlo analysis of projected manufacturing cost at 200&#;1,000 buses per year. B.D. James et al. (Strategic Analysis, Inc.), "Mass Production Cost Estimation of Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation Applications: Update," final report. Batteries estimated to cost an additional $20,000 per system (B.D. James, private communication, May ).
h DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record #, "Fuel Cell Bus Targets,"
i Excludes mid-life overhaul of power plant.

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