Type of metal profile
"Structural tubing" redirects here. For other uses, see Tubing.
A hollow structural section (HSS) is a type of metal profile with a hollow cross section. The term is used predominantly in the United States, or other countries which follow US construction or engineering terminology.
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HSS members can be circular, square, or rectangular sections, although other shapes such as elliptical are also available. HSS is only composed of structural steel per code.
HSS is sometimes mistakenly referenced as hollow structural steel. Rectangular and square HSS are also commonly called tube steel or box section. Circular HSS are sometimes mistakenly called steel pipe, although true steel pipe is actually dimensioned and classed differently from HSS. (HSS dimensions are based on exterior dimensions of the profile; pipes are also manufactured to an exterior tolerance, albeit to a different standard.) The corners of HSS are heavily rounded, having a radius which is approximately twice the wall thickness. The wall thickness is uniform around the section.
In the UK, or other countries which follow British construction or engineering terminology, the term HSS is not used. Rather, the three basic shapes are referenced as CHS, SHS, and RHS, being circular, square, and rectangular hollow sections. Typically, these designations will also relate to metric sizes, thus the dimensions and tolerances differ slightly from HSS.
HSS, especially rectangular sections, are commonly used in welded steel frames where members experience loading in multiple directions. Square and circular HSS have very efficient shapes for this multiple-axis loading as they have uniform geometry along two or more cross-sectional axes, and thus uniform strength characteristics. This makes them good choices for columns. They also have excellent resistance to torsion.
HSS can also be used as beams, although wide flange or I-beam shapes are in many cases a more efficient structural shape for this application. However, the HSS has superior resistance to lateral torsional buckling.
The flat square surfaces of rectangular HSS can ease construction, and they are sometimes preferred for architectural aesthetics in exposed structures, although elliptical HSS are becoming more popular in exposed structures for the same aesthetic reasons.
In the recent past, HSS was commonly available in mild steel, such as A500 grade B. Today, HSS is commonly available in mild steel, A500 grade C. Other steel grades available for HSS are A847 (weathering steel), A (large sections up to 50 inch sq made with SAW process), and recently approved A (higher strength, tighter tolerances than A500).
Square HSS is made the same way as pipe. During the manufacturing process flat steel plate is gradually changed in shape to become round where the edges are presented ready to weld. The edges are then welded together to form the mother tube. During the manufacturing process the mother tube goes through a series of shaping stands which form the round HSS (mother tube) into the final square or rectangular shape. Most American manufacturers adhere to the ASTM A500 or newly adopted ASTM A standards, while Canadian manufacturers follow both ASTM A500 and CSA G40.21. European hollow sections are generally in accordance with the EN standard.
HSS is often filled with concrete to improve fire rating, as well as robustness. When this is done, the product is referred to as a Lally column after its inventor John Lally of Waltham, Massachusetts. (The pronunciation is often corrupted to lolly column.) For example, barriers around parking areas (bollards) made of HSS are often filled, to at least bumper height, with concrete. This is an inexpensive (when replacement costs are factored in) way of adding compressive strength to the bollard, which can help prevent unsightly local denting, though it does not generally significantly increase the overall structural properties of the bollard.
The Comprehensive Guide to Choosing the Right Steel Pipe for Your Project
Selecting the right steel pipe for your project is crucial to ensure efficiency, longevity, and cost-effectiveness. Various factors, including the type of steel, manufacturing process, and application requirements, play a significant role in this decision.
This comprehensive guide will help you navigate through the different types of steel pipes and their applications, assisting you in making informed decisions for your projects.
1. Understanding the Basics of Steel Pipes
Steel pipes are categorized primarily into two types: welded and seamless. Each type has distinct characteristics, advantages, and applications.
Welded Steel Pipes
Welded steel pipes are made by rolling a steel plate and welding the seam. This process allows for a wide range of sizes and diameters. Welded pipes are commonly used in lower-pressure applications, such as plumbing, where their cost-effectiveness and versatility are advantageous.
Seamless Steel Pipes
Seamless steel pipes are produced by piercing a solid billet of steel to create a hollow tube. This method ensures a high degree of strength and uniformity, making seamless pipes ideal for high-pressure applications like oil and gas exploration and chemical processing.
Contact Federal Steel Supply
If you need expert guidance on selecting the right steel pipe for your project, contact Federal Steel Supply. Our team of specialists is here to provide personalized advice and custom solutions tailored to your specific needs. Send us a message or call us at (800) 325- to learn more.
2. Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Steel Pipes
1. Application Requirements
The primary factor in choosing the right steel pipe is its application. Understanding the specific requirements of your project, such as pressure, temperature, and environmental conditions, will guide your selection process.
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2. Material and Grade
Steel pipes come in various grades, each designed to meet different mechanical and chemical properties. For instance, S/A53 steel is popular for industrial piping due to its weldability and corrosion resistance''. Stainless steel, with its high corrosion resistance and durability, is preferred in the food and beverage industry''. Learn about the benefits of A53 steel.
3. Strength and Durability
Seamless pipes generally offer superior strength and durability, making them suitable for high-stress environments. Welded pipes, while not as strong, are adequate for many standard uses and are easier to inspect for quality assurance''. Discover our detailed guide on welded vs. seamless steel pipes.
4. Performance in Extreme Conditions
If your project involves extreme temperatures or high-pressure scenarios, seamless pipes are often the better choice due to their uniform structure. Welded pipes are more suitable for less demanding environments''.
3. Common Types of Steel Pipes and Their Applications
Carbon Steel Pipes
Carbon steel pipes are known for their strength and ability to withstand high temperatures. They are commonly used in industrial applications such as oil and gas transmission, water pipelines, and structural applications''.
Stainless Steel Pipes
Stainless steel pipes are valued for their corrosion resistance and hygienic properties, making them ideal for food and beverage processing, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment facilities''.
Learn more about the common applications for stainless steel piping.
Alloy Steel Pipes
Alloy steel pipes are designed for specific properties such as high strength, temperature resistance, and durability. They are often used in power plants, refineries, and other high-temperature environments''.
4. Environmental and Sustainability Considerations
Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the steel industry. Both welded and seamless pipes can be recycled, contributing to sustainable construction practices. The production of seamless pipes requires more energy, impacting their carbon footprint, while welded pipes are less energy-intensive to manufacture''''.
5. Innovations and Trends in Steel Pipe Manufacturing
The steel pipe industry is continually evolving with advancements in manufacturing technology. Innovations in welding techniques and improvements in seamless pipe quality are enhancing the performance and sustainability of steel pipes. These advancements are driving the industry towards more efficient and eco-friendly practices''''.
6. Practical Tips for Selecting the Right Steel Pipe
- Assess Your Project Needs: Understand the specific requirements, including pressure, temperature, and environmental conditions.
- Choose the Appropriate Grade: Select the steel grade that best meets the chemical and mechanical properties needed for your project.
- Consider Cost vs. Benefit: Evaluate the cost implications of using welded versus seamless pipes in the context of your project's demands.
- Ensure Compliance with Standards: Verify that the steel pipes meet relevant industry standards and certifications to ensure safety and reliability.
- Consult with Experts: When in doubt, seek advice from industry professionals who can provide insights based on their experience and expertise.
Key Takeaways
Choosing the right steel pipe for your project is a critical decision that impacts the efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of your operations. By understanding the different types of steel pipes, their applications, and key considerations, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your project requirements.
Federal Steel Supply offers a wide range of steel pipes and expert guidance to help you select the best options for your needs. Visit Federal Steel Supply for more information and assistance with your steel pipe requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the different types of steel pipes?
There are two primary types of steel pipes: welded and seamless.
Welded pipes are made by rolling a steel plate and welding the seam, suitable for lower-pressure applications.
Seamless pipes are created by piercing a solid billet of steel, ideal for high-pressure applications due to their strength and uniformity.
See: Welded vs. Seamless Pipe
How do I choose the right steel pipe for my project?
To choose the right steel pipe, consider the following:
- application requirements,
- material and grade,
- strength and durability,
- cost and affordability,
- performance in extreme conditions.
Welded pipes are cost-effective and versatile, while seamless pipes offer superior strength for high-stress environments.
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